One of the most common test of the blood is Complete Blood Count (CBC). This test is done on a machine called Hemoanalyser. This machine takes whole blood and gives the values of Hemoglobin, RBC, WBC, TLC, DLC, Platelet Count and several other components of the blood. Each of these values are extremely important in the diagnosis of any disease. Variations in the values of the blood components in conjunction with the values of other blood tests helps in accurate diagnosis. One of the very important component of Hemogram test is Peripheral Smear. In this test a slide of the blood is made and examined under a microscope. CBC is extremely important for women as they tend to have low hemoglobin count due to bleeding taking place during the menstruation cycle. Platelet count is extremely important as low platelet count can lead to hemorrage inside the body. Fall in platelet count happens in diseases like Dengue.
All the tests coming under biochemistry are done on a machine called Biochemistry analyser. Most commonly done tests under biochemistry are Liver Function Test, Kidney Function Test, Lipid Profile, Thyroid Profile, HbA1C, CRP etc The values of these tests show the functioning of vital organs in the body and can be an early precursor of the impending disease. These days the non-communicable diseases also known as the lifestyle diseases are on the rise. Due to obesity, lack of exercise and junk food the values of lipid profile go beyond the normal range. Key components of Liver Function Test and Kidney Function Test also get deranged. Most of the lifestyle diseases like Heart Attack, Kidney Failure, Fatty Liver, Hypothyroidism are linked to bad lifestyle. One must regularly get the functioning of the vital organs checked at regular intervals.
Histopathology is the branch of pathology that deals with the study of tissues for diseases. The biopsy specimen on which the diagnosis is made is taken from a client to detect and diagnose disease and also examine disease progression. It is also used to establish the cause in cases of sudden or unexpected death. A large part of this is in the detection and diagnosis of cancer. A tissue diagnosis is essential before commencing treatment involving major surgery, radiation or drugs, treatments which may have major side-effects. In Histopathology, slides are made from the tissue extracted from the body which are then examined under a microscope by the pathologist to see the kind of cells present.